Koerber+-+Swift

= Jonathan Swift =

Esther Johnson: ** a fatherless daughter Swift had met at the age of 8. Swift acted as her mentor and tutor, giving her the nickname, Stella. They remained lifelong friends. 78th Year of his Age." **
 * __Lifespan:__ **
 *  Irish father, English Mother: ** Swift’s father died before he was born. His mother returned to England, leaving him to be raised by his father’s family.
 *  Anglican: Swift lived during the Anglican era of europe. this was a time in which there were many strays from convention and, in particular, religion.
 *  Meniere’s Disease: ** plagued Swift his entire life with fits of vertigo and giddiness.
 *  Whigs: **Swift began to become very interested in politics and fully supported the Whig party. This is contrasted by his deep hatred for the Tories. Several political pamphlets were written during this time.
 *  Maturity: ** much of his later works consisted of past political experience, and were often printed anonymously. //Gulliver’s Travels// was an immediate hit and was even pirated because of its popularity.
 * Epitaph: **Swift wrote his own epitaph, translating to:
 *  "//Here// is laid the Body of Jonathan Swift, Doctor of Sacred Theology, Dean of this Cathedral Church, //where// fierce Indignation can no longer injure the Heart. Go forth, Voyager, and copy, if you can, this vigorous (to the best of his ability) Champion of Liberty. He died on the 19th Day of the Month of October, A.D. 1745, in the

 Swift used several surnames:  Swift often criticized words in a comical and mocking way. This was a personal blend of classic satire and wit. Swift I said to have been a master of Horatian and Juvenalian Satire education and conservative views.  Swift’s styles are fairly easy to identify for their contents contain wildly playful and funny remarks and concepts while remaining direct and harshly critical of its intended targets.
 * __Famous Works Include:__ **
 * //<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Gulliver’s Travels //****<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> a satire on the nature of humans. Swift's best-known work
 * //<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> A Modest Proposal //****<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">satire on Irish poverty suggesting children should be eaten
 * //<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> A Journal to Stella //****<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">composed of 65 letters to his friend Esther Johnson
 * //<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Drapier’s Letters //****<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> a series of pamphlets criticizing a private coin mint in Ireland
 * //<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> The Battle of the Books //****<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> short satire criticizing authors’ power struggle
 * //<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity //****<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> defends Christianity from opposition
 * //<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> A Tale of a Tub //****<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> satire describing religious excess. Swift’s 1st major work
 * __Nom de plume:__ **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Lemuel Gulliver **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">, **Isaac Bickerstaff**, **M.B. Drapier**, **Anonymous**
 * __Literary Styles:__ **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Horatian satire: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">a recreation of the works originally by Roman poet Horace. Contains much diatribe and comedic imagery.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Juvenalian: **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> satire using wildly far-fetched metaphors that criticize societal and social values. Originally meant only to be interpreted by elite Roman males of higher
 * __Common Styles:__ **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 88%;"> Works Cited: ** "Jonathan Swift - Biography and Works." // The Literature Network: Online Classic Literature, Poems, and Quotes. Essays & Summaries //. Web. 30 Apr. 2010. <http://www.online-literature.com/swift/>. "Jonathan Swift: An Overview." // The Victorian Web: An Overview //. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://www.victorianweb.org/previctorian/swift/swiftov.html>. "Swift, Jonathan :: Jonathan Swift (Irish Author and Clergyman) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia." // Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia //. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/577008/14629/Jonathan-Swift-detail-of-an-oil-painting-by-Charles-Jervas>.